Journal: Bioactive Materials
Article Title: Three-dimensional bioprinted hiHeps hepatorganoids with enhanced hepatic functions for the treatment of liver failure and promotion of liver regeneration
doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.024
Figure Lengend Snippet: Zonation characterization of 3D bioprinted human hepatocyte organoids. A. Representative live/dead assay of hiHep cells in 2D and 3D culture. Scale bar: 200 μm. B. Quantification of cell viability of hiHep cells in 2D and 3D culture (n = 3 per group). C. Cell viability of 2D cultured hiHeps and 3DP-HHO assessed by CCK-8 assay (n = 3 per group). D. Morphological comparison of 2D cultured hiHeps, 3D bioprinted hiHeps organoid, and 3DP-HHO after 1 week/month of culture (Red arrow: liver cord-like structures formed via self-assembly, white arrow: hepatocyte spheroids spontaneously formed by hiHeps). Scale bars: 50 μm. E. Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in 3DP-HHO compared to 2D cultured hiHeps; key hepatic genes are highlighted. F. KEGG enrichment analysis of up-regulated genes showing biological processes associated with hepatic function. G. Heatmap of zonation marker gene expression (pericentral vs. periportal hepatocyte landmarks) across HepRG, hiHeps, 3DP-HHO, and primary human hepatocytes (PHH). H. Schematic diagram of zonation map illustrating the spatial gene expression of pericentral (red) and periportal (green) markers in healthy liver. I. Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of CYP3A4 (red), HAL (green), and DAPI (blue) in healthy mouse liver, 2D-cultured hiHeps and 3DP-HHO, demonstrating spatially organized metabolic domains. (White arrow: CYP3A4-positive zones, indicating pericentral hepatocytes, white pentagram: HAL-positive zones, indicating periportal hepatocytes). Scale bars: mouse liver, 100 μm; 3DP-HHO, 25 μm.
Article Snippet: CYP3A4 Mouse mAb, 1:500, 67110-1-Ig, Proteintech, China.
Techniques: Live Dead Assay, Cell Culture, CCK-8 Assay, Comparison, Marker, Gene Expression, Immunofluorescence